In 2022, Randall Pietersen, a civil engineer within the U.S. Air Power, set out on a coaching mission to evaluate injury at an airfield runway, practising “base restoration” protocol after a simulated assault. For hours, his workforce walked over the realm in chemical safety gear, radioing in geocoordinates as they documented injury and seemed for threats like unexploded munitions.
The work is normal for all Air Power engineers earlier than they deploy, nevertheless it held particular significance for Pietersen, who has spent the final 5 years growing sooner, safer approaches for assessing airfields as a grasp’s pupil and now a PhD candidate and MathWorks Fellow at MIT. For Pietersen, the time-intensive, painstaking, and probably harmful work underscored the potential for his analysis to allow distant airfield assessments.
“That have was actually eye-opening,” Pietersen says. “We’ve been informed for nearly a decade {that a} new, drone-based system is within the works, however it’s nonetheless restricted by an lack of ability to determine unexploded ordnances; from the air, they give the impression of being an excessive amount of like rocks or particles. Even ultra-high-resolution cameras simply don’t carry out effectively sufficient. Fast and distant airfield evaluation just isn’t the usual apply but. We’re nonetheless solely ready to do that on foot, and that’s the place my analysis is available in.”
Pietersen’s purpose is to create drone-based automated methods for assessing airfield injury and detecting unexploded munitions. This has taken him down quite a lot of analysis paths, from deep studying to small uncrewed aerial methods to “hyperspectral” imaging, which captures passive electromagnetic radiation throughout a broad spectrum of wavelengths. Hyperspectral imaging is getting cheaper, sooner, and extra sturdy, which may make Pietersen’s analysis more and more helpful in a spread of purposes together with agriculture, emergency response, mining, and constructing assessments.
Discovering pc science and neighborhood
Rising up in a suburb of Sacramento, California, Pietersen gravitated towards math and physics in class. However he was additionally a cross nation athlete and an Eagle Scout, and he wished a technique to put his pursuits collectively.
“I appreciated the multifaceted problem the Air Power Academy introduced,” Pietersen says. “My household doesn’t have a historical past of serving, however the recruiters talked concerning the holistic training, the place lecturers had been one half, however so was athletic health and management. That well-rounded strategy to the faculty expertise appealed to me.”
Pietersen majored in civil engineering as an undergrad on the Air Power Academy, the place he first started studying the best way to conduct educational analysis. This required him to be taught slightly little bit of pc programming.
“In my senior 12 months, the Air Power analysis labs had some pavement-related initiatives that fell into my scope as a civil engineer,” Pietersen remembers. “Whereas my area data helped outline the preliminary issues, it was very clear that growing the suitable options would require a deeper understanding of pc imaginative and prescient and distant sensing.”
The initiatives, which handled airfield pavement assessments and risk detection, additionally led Pietersen to begin utilizing hyperspectral imaging and machine studying, which he constructed on when he got here to MIT to pursue his grasp’s and PhD in 2020.
“MIT was a transparent alternative for my analysis as a result of the varsity has such a powerful historical past of analysis partnerships and multidisciplinary considering that helps you clear up these unconventional issues,” Pietersen says. “There’s no higher place on the earth than MIT for cutting-edge work like this.”
By the point Pietersen obtained to MIT, he’d additionally embraced excessive sports activities like ultra-marathons, skydiving, and mountaineering. A few of that stemmed from his participation in infantry abilities competitions as an undergrad. The multiday competitions are military-focused races during which groups from world wide traverse mountains and carry out graded actions like tactical fight casualty care, orienteering, and marksmanship.
“The group I ran with in school was actually into that stuff, so it was form of a pure consequence of relationship-building,” Pietersen says. “These occasions would run you round for 48 or 72 hours, generally with some sleep blended in, and also you get to compete together with your buddies and have a superb time.”
Since coming to MIT along with his spouse and two youngsters, Pietersen has embraced the native operating neighborhood and even labored as an indoor skydiving teacher in New Hampshire, although he admits the East Coast winters have been powerful for him and his household to regulate to.
Pietersen went distant between 2022 to 2024, however he wasn’t doing his analysis from the consolation of a house workplace. The coaching that confirmed him the fact of airfield assessments came about in Florida, after which he was deployed to Saudi Arabia. He occurred to put in writing one in every of his PhD journal publications from a tent within the desert.
Now again at MIT and nearing the completion of his doctorate this spring, Pietersen is grateful for all of the individuals who have supported him in all through his journey.
“It has been enjoyable exploring all types of various engineering disciplines, making an attempt to determine issues out with the assistance of all of the mentors at MIT and the sources obtainable to work on these actually area of interest issues,” Pietersen says.
Analysis with a objective
In the summertime of 2020, Pietersen did an internship with the HALO Belief, a humanitarian group working to clear landmines and different explosives from areas impacted by conflict. The expertise demonstrated one other highly effective software for his work at MIT.
“We now have post-conflict areas world wide the place children try to play and there are landmines and unexploded ordnances of their backyards,” Pietersen says. “Ukraine is an efficient instance of this within the information right this moment. There are at all times remnants of conflict left behind. Proper now, individuals have to enter these probably harmful areas and clear them, however new remote-sensing strategies may velocity that course of up and make it far safer.”
Though Pietersen’s grasp’s work primarily revolved round assessing regular put on and tear of pavement buildings, his PhD has centered on methods to detect unexploded ordnances and extra extreme injury.
“If the runway is attacked, there could be bombs and craters throughout it,” Pietersen says. “This makes for a difficult atmosphere to evaluate. Several types of sensors extract totally different varieties of data and every has its professionals and cons. There may be nonetheless a variety of work to be carried out on each the {hardware} and software program facet of issues, however to date, hyperspectral knowledge seems to be a promising discriminator for deep studying object detectors.”
After commencement, Pietersen will probably be stationed in Guam, the place Air Power engineers repeatedly carry out the identical airfield evaluation simulations he participated in in Florida. He hopes sometime quickly, these assessments will probably be carried out not by people in protecting gear, however by drones.
“Proper now, we depend on seen traces of website,” Pietersen says. “If we are able to transfer to spectral imaging and deep-learning options, we are able to lastly conduct distant assessments that make everybody safer.”
